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The Olive Oil Hunter News #112

Posted on by The Olive Oil Hunter

Chocolate Chiffon Layer Cake Recipe, Spotlight on Cocoa Powder, How to Maximize Chocolate Flavor, Benefits of Jarlsberg Cheese, and 8 Steps for Better Heart Health

I love a romantic dinner at home for Valentine’s Day, and my chocolate cake is the perfect dessert indulgence. Knowing there are healthful compounds, like polyphenols, in its natural cocoa should cancel out any guilt! Read on for tips to get the most flavor in all your chocolate creations. And since February is also heart health month, I’m sharing the American Heart Association’s eight strategies to keep your ticker in tip-top shape.

Chocolate Chiffon Layer Cake

  • Chocolate Chiffon Layer Cake Chocolate Chiffon Layer Cake

    Wedges of these light-and-luscious layers are great on their own or with a dollop of thick Icelandic skyr or Middle Eastern labneh, a cultured dairy product rich in probiotics. To elevate them to layer-cake status for a festive occasion, chocolate whipped cream is all you need.

    Ingredients

    For the chocolate cake: 

    • 5 large eggs
    • 1 cup cake flour
    • 1/2 cup cocoa
    • 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
    • 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
    • 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt
    • 1 cup sugar, divided
    • 1/2 cup extra virgin olive oil
    • 1/2 cup brewed coffee at room temperature
    • 1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract
    • 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar

    For the chocolate whipped cream:

    • 1/3 cup cocoa, plus more for dusting
    • 1/2 cup confectioners’ sugar
    • 1 teaspoon instant espresso
    • 3 cups heavy cream
    • 1 teaspoon vanilla

    Directions

    Step 1

    Separate the whites from the yolks when the eggs are cold and let them come to room temperature (the whites will whip much better). Place one of the racks in the middle of your oven and preheat to 325°F. Line two 9-inch cake pans with parchment paper, but don’t grease them; set aside. 

    Step 2

    In a very large bowl, sift together the flour, cocoa, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. In another bowl, whisk the yolks and 1/2 cup sugar until fully blended and light in color, about 2 minutes, and then whisk in the olive oil, coffee, and vanilla. Whisk the egg mixture into the flour mixture until this batter is completely blended.

    Step 3

    In the bowl of a stand mixer or another large bowl, beat the egg whites and cream of tartar on low speed for about 30 seconds, and then gradually add the remaining 1/2 cup sugar as you slowly increase the speed to high. Continue beating until you get a glossy meringue with firm peaks, about 8 to 10 minutes.

    Step 4

    Fold about a cup of meringue into the batter to lighten it and then gently fold in the rest in three batches, just until there are barely any streaks of meringue visible. Divide the batter between the two pans and gently smooth the surfaces with an offset spatula. Bake the cakes on the same rack for 15 minutes and then reverse their positions. Continue baking until the tops spring back when lightly pressed with a fingertip and a tester comes out clean, about 10–15 minutes more, depending on your oven.

    Step 5

    Invert the pans onto two wire racks to cool for about an hour. Turn them right side up and run an offset spatula around the sides of the cakes to loosen them. Invert again, take off the pans, peel off the parchment, and let cool completely.

    Step 6

    To make the chocolate whipped cream, whisk the cocoa, confectioners’ sugar, and espresso powder together in a small bowl. Whip the heavy cream and vanilla at medium speed until thickened, add the cocoa mixture, turn up the speed to high, and whip until stiff. Use a large spatula to spread about 1/3 of the chocolate cream on one of the cake layers. Top with the other layer and spread the rest of the cream on the top and sides. Dust with additional cocoa. Store covered in the fridge.

    Yields 8–10 servings

Food Pairings: The Power of Purple Potatoes

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight

Cocoa Powder

Unsweetened cocoa powder is a food lover’s dream—intense chocolate taste and few calories. The cocoa process starts with roasted cocoa bean particles, or nibs. The nibs are turned into chocolate liquor. To make cocoa, the chocolate liquor is pressed to remove much of the cocoa butter and then ground into powder. This liquor is where most of chocolate’s flavor comes from and explains why white chocolate, made of cocoa butter and sugar, is rather bland.

From a health perspective, cocoa beans have more than 200 compounds, including anti-oxidant polyphenols, the best known of which are flavanols. Flavanols are thought to improve blood flow to the brain and heart, help lower blood pressure, and fight cell damage, according to Harvard Health. Ounce for ounce, natural cocoa is the food with the highest flavanol content. 

You might have noticed that cocoa is available in two main forms: natural, with a deeper taste yet lighter color; and Dutch-process, with a milder taste and darker color. When “dutching,” an alkaline ingredient is used to counter cocoa’s natural acidity. While it’s often possible to use the two interchangeably with only slight differences in taste in the finished dish, Dutch-processed cocoa retains fewer of its healthful compounds. According to a 2022 report on cocoa in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, dutching can reduce the polyphenols by 60 or more percent. 

To account for the acidity of natural cocoa, baking soda—with or without baking powder—is typically called for as a leavening agent in baked goods. If you don’t see it listed in the ingredients in a recipe, add 1/8 teaspoon of baking soda for every 3 tablespoons of natural cocoa powder. And always sift cocoa into the recipe’s other dry ingredients to avoid lumps. 

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight: Sweet spices for savory dishes

Quick Kitchen Nugget

Maximizing Chocolate Flavor

It might sound crazy, but a pinch each of salt and coffee powder help bring out the sweetness of chocolate without being discernible themselves. Simply whisk them into the other dry ingredients in a recipe or, in the case of chocolate sauce or hot cocoa, as you’re warming the mixture on your cooktop.

Healthy Kitchen Nugget: The Truth About Nondairy Milks

For Your Best Health

Say (Jarlsberg) Cheese!

A recent study on the potential benefits of eating Jarlsberg, a cheese from Norway, to stave off bone thinning showed that some types of cheese could be better for you than others. It builds on previous research suggesting that Jarlsberg may help boost levels of osteocalcin, a hormone associated with strong bones and teeth.  

The participants were 66 young and healthy women. One group added a daily 57g portion of Jarlsberg (about 2 ounces) to their diet for 6 weeks; the other added 50g of Camembert and then switched to Jarlsberg for another six weeks. 

While Jarlsberg and Camembert have similar fat and protein profiles, only Jarlsberg is rich in vitamin K2, which occurs thanks to bacteria in certain fermented foods. According to a summary of the results, “Blood sample analysis showed that the key biochemical markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin, and vitamin K2 increased significantly after 6 weeks in the Jarlsberg group, but not the Camembert group.”

This finding (along with positive changes in blood sugar and cholesterol of Jarlsberg-eating participants) suggests that it might help prevent the bone-thinning of osteopenia, which precedes osteoporosis, as well as metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. 

The study, published in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, shows that “while calcium and vitamin D are known to be extremely important for bone health, there are other key factors at play, such as vitamin K2, which is perhaps not as well known,” commented Professor Sumantra Ray, executive director, NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, and co-founder of the publication, adding, “Different methods of preparation mean there are key differences in the nutrient composition of cheese which has often been regarded as a homogenous food item in dietary research to date. This needs to be addressed in future studies…As this is a small study in young and healthy people designed to explore novel pathways linking diet and bone health, the results need to be interpreted with great caution as the study participants will not necessarily be representative of other groups.” More research is needed to confirm these findings.

Healthy Kitchen Nugget: The Value of Variety

Fitness Flash

Steps for Better Heart Health

The American Heart Association recently introduced its Life’s Essential 8, a checklist of health markers and lifestyle habits that support the idea that it’s easier to prevent heart problems than try to correct them. An important part of the AHA message is that you’re never too old to take these steps: 

  • Follow the DASH Diet or, even better, the Mediterranean Diet, focusing on extra virgin olive oil, vegetables, fruits, fish, low-fat dairy, whole grains, and occasionally lean meat. 
  • Exercise for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise every week.
  • Avoid all types of nicotine exposure, including e-cigarettes/vaping.
  • Get 7–9 hours of sleep every night.
  • Know your body mass index to help assess whether you’re at risk for health problems from excess weight. 
  • Know your non-HDL cholesterol number—total cholesterol minus your good HDL number, a better and simpler way to assess blood fats with no fasting needed before the blood test. 
  • Know your A1C number, a better check of glycemic control than a single blood glucose reading. 
  • Know your blood pressure numbers—120/80 mm Hg is still optimal. Hypertension begins when either systolic pressure is between 130 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure is between 80 and 89 mm Hg.
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The Olive Oil Hunter News #111

Posted on by The Olive Oil Hunter

Pork Chops with Tomatoes and Capers Recipe and What Makes Olive Oil a Good Fat

As members of the Fresh-Pressed Olive Oil Club know, the vibrant pepperiness of extra virgin olive oil comes from its polyphenols, important antioxidants that foster good health in so many ways. But there’s more to the story. EVOO’s main nutrient and the source of its calories is monounsaturated fatty acids, or MUFAs, which confer special benefits as well. That’s why many health authorities recommend them over saturated fats (those solid at room temperature, like butter). In this edition of the Newsletter, we’ll look at the one-two punch of MUFAs and polyphenols—and how together they can help staunch a very serious health epidemic, metabolic syndrome. But first, a wonderful winter recipe sure to become a favorite.

Pork Chops with Tomatoes and Capers

  • Pork chops with tomatoes and capers Pork Chops with Tomatoes and Capers

    This Mediterranean-style dish is cooked on the stovetop in a single pan and creates a rich, tomato sauce. 

    Ingredients

    • 1/4 cup white whole-wheat or all-purpose flour
    • 1 teaspoon each coarse sea salt and freshly ground black pepper
    • 6 pork chops, each about 1/2-inch thick
    • 4 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
    • 4 garlic cloves, minced
    • 1/3 cup balsamic vinegar
    • 1/3 cup chicken stock, homemade or low-sodium store-bought
    • 1 28-ounce can diced tomatoes with its juice
    • 4 tablespoons capers

    Directions

    Step 1

    Combine the flour, salt, and pepper in a pie plate. Heat a frying pan large enough to hold the chops (if necessary, you can cook the chops in batches). Once the pan is hot, add the olive oil and quickly coat both sides of each chop in the flour mixture, shake off any excess, and add to the pan. Sauté 5 minutes on each side or until browned. 

    Step 2

    Transfer the chops to a dish. Add the garlic to the pan and sauté slightly, then deglaze the pan with the vinegar. Add the tomatoes along with their juice, the broth, and the capers, and briefly bring to a boil.

    Step 3

    Add back the chops, reduce the heat to a simmer, and cook until the chops are cooked through and register 145°F on an instant-read thermometer, about 10 minutes more. 

    Yields 6 servings.

Healthy Kitchen Nugget: The Truth About Nondairy Milks

For Your Best Health

What Makes Olive Oil a Good Fat 

The study making news: “The clinical impact of an extra virgin olive oil enriched Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome: Lights and shadows of a nutraceutical approach,” a research review published in Frontiers in Nutrition (2022).

Most research on the benefits of olive oil and the Mediterranean diet centers on the healthful properties of its polyphenols, but its fatty acids deliver benefits of their own. What’s more, the polyphenols and fatty acids seem to work in synergy to do even more. 

As stated in this research review, one component of the Mediterranean diet “believed to contribute a strong beneficial effect is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and with variable concentrations of phenols. These not only determine EVOO’s main organoleptic qualities (oxidative stability, specific flavor, and taste features) but make it a source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activity.” (Antiatherogenic means that it fights against dangerous plaque buildup, or atherosclerosis, along artery walls.)

Why are MUFAs considered good fats?

According to the National Library of Medicine, monounsaturated fats are good for your health in several ways. They can help lower your LDL or bad cholesterol level. Keeping your LDL level low reduces your risk for heart disease and stroke. Also, MUFAs help develop and maintain your cells. Extra virgin olive oil is an excellent source of MUFAs. Olive oil also has the other preferred alternative to saturated fat, PUFAs, or polyunsaturated fatty acids, but to a lesser extent. (Some of the best sources of PUFAs are walnuts, flax, and sunflower seeds.)

For the Frontiers in Nutrition review, the researchers took a deep dive into how EVOO may help with the condition known as metabolic syndrome, one that has become more prevalent as people have become more overweight. According to the review, it’s “an increasingly pressing global health problem, affecting about 31 percent of the world’s population but predicted to increase over 50 percent in the next 15 years.” Metabolic syndrome is typically diagnosed when someone has at least three of these five conditions: abdominal obesity (belly fat), high triglyceride levels, low HDL or good cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose (blood sugar). Each one is a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, from diabetes to heart disease; having three or more creates a heightened risk.

As the report pointed out,

“The only established, effective treatment is lifestyle modification through increased physical activity, weight loss, and dietary intake high in fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, and low-fat dairy products: i.e., the Mediterranean diet (MD). Several studies have shown a direct correlation between MD adherence and overall reduction in mortality and morbidity.…

“The Mediterranean diet is a cornerstone in treating [metabolic syndrome] and preventing cardiovascular risk. Literature data indicate that an essential component is EVOO which, with high MUFA and polyphenol content, constitutes a food with excellent organoleptic properties and a substance with surprising nutraceutical abilities. EVOO, by activating multiple metabolic pathways, could optimize glycemic control and lipid metabolism, reduce endothelial damage and blood pressure, and provide systemic anti-inflammatory activity.”

Based on the studies that the researchers reviewed, they found that, in particular, “Extra virgin olive oil, due to its high MUFA content, significantly reduces concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, decreasing TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios. In this context, polyphenols act synergistically with MUFAs.Overall, EVOO seems to play an antiatherogenic and CVD risk reduction role, improving the overall health status of [metabolic syndrome] patients.” 

The researchers also mentioned that, in addition to helping counteract the inflammation that accompanies overweight, EVOO might indirectly help with weight loss by enhancing the way food tastes and perhaps helping people feel full sooner, thus preventing overeating. 

They did note that there are still unanswered questions. Since most studies don’t spell out the specific varietals of EVOO consumed by participants or their exact polyphenol levels, the researchers can’t say what concentration of polyphenols is needed or which olive varieties are best—things that future studies might tell us. One thing we do know: in general, the fresher the olive oil, the higher its polyphenol content.  

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The Olive Oil Hunter News #110

Posted on by The Olive Oil Hunter

Olive Oil-Marinated Feta Recipe, Spotlight on Feta, Using Dried Herbs, Boosting Gut Microbiome and the Advantages of Challenging Yourself

Delicious doesn’t need to be complicated. My marinated feta recipe takes five ingredients and five minutes to put together. Keep a batch in the fridge and you’ll always have a meze on hand—and what a perfect way to enjoy olive oil’s healthful polyphenols! Of course, good nutrition is a balance of many foods, so I’m excited to detail a food-centric study that highlights one improvement we can make every day to boost health now and in the future—more flavonoids.

Olive Oil-Marinated Feta

  • Olive Oil-Marinated Feta Olive Oil-Marinated Feta

    This recipe is simplicity itself, plus you can really make it your own by swapping your favorite fresh or dried peppers and herbs for the jalapeño and thyme. It will keep in the fridge for up to two weeks—just bring it to room temperature before serving. The marinated cheese cubes are delicious as is or served over a bed of greens. If they start to lose their shape, use it as a spread on crusty bread.

    Ingredients

    • 8-ounce block of feta
    • 1 jalapeño pepper, cut into rings
    • ½ lemon, sliced into rings
    • 1 sprig fresh thyme or ½ teaspoon dried thyme
    • 1/3 cup extra virgin olive oil, more as needed

    Directions

    Step 1

    Cube the feta and place in a shallow glass bowl with a lid or a 2-cup mason jar. Tuck the pepper, lemon rings, and thyme in the spaces between the cheese cubes. Cover with the olive oil and let sit at room temperature for 30 minutes.

    Step 2

    If not serving right away, cover the bowl or close the mason jar and refrigerate. The flavors will infuse the cheese over time.

    Yields 4 appetizer servings ​

Food Pairings: The Power of Purple Potatoes

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight

Fabulous Feta

I love indulging in feta when I’m in Greece to select the very best fresh-pressed olive oil for Club members. Traditionally, their feta is made from sheep’s milk, though sometimes it’s a blend with goat’s milk. Many stores in the US sell authentic Greek feta—it will say so right on the package. American-made feta is milder in taste as it’s made from cow’s milk. I suggest a home tasting to see which one you like better. Either way, feta is a fresh cheese that’s lower in fat than many other types of cheese and has great appeal and versatility—it will soften when baked, so it’s great on focaccia or pizza. If salt is a concern, read the nutrition panel to stay within your limits. Because packaged feta crumbles have a tendency to dry out quickly and lose their taste, always buy feta in block form, submerged in brine—it will keep for weeks.

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight: Sweet spices for savory dishes

Healthy Kitchen Nugget

Using Dried Herbs

No fresh herbs? No problem! Dried herbs are a convenient substitute, and it makes sense to stock your pantry with your favorites. As a general rule, when using dried herbs in place of fresh, cut down the amount called for to just one-third, so as an example, you’ll need just 1 teaspoon of dried for 1 tablespoon of fresh. Start your dried herb collection with small quantities and see how much you use over a few months. Even though freshly dried herbs are potent, they will start to lose their strength over time. Regularly check with a sniff test—if you can’t smell any aroma, they’re past their prime.

Healthy Kitchen Nugget: The Truth About Nondairy Milks

For Your Best Health

Boosting the gut microbiome

New research done at Edith Cowan University (ECU) in Australia shows that flavonoids, which are naturally occurring substances found in many common foods and beverages, may be even better for us than we thought.

The study looked at 881 elderly women with a median age of 80 and found they were far less likely to have extensive buildup of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) if they consumed a high level of flavonoids. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the body, supplying oxygenated blood from the heart to the abdominal organs and lower limbs. Calcification is a predictor of cardiovascular risk, such as heart attack and stroke, as well as of late-life dementia.

ECU Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute researcher and study lead Ben Parmenter, PhD, said that, while there are many dietary sources of flavonoids, some foods have particularly high amounts: “The main contributors are usually black or green tea, blueberries, strawberries, oranges, red wine, apples, raisins/grapes, and dark chocolate.” Nuts and other citrus fruits and berries round out the list.

There are many different types of flavonoids, such as flavan-3-ols and flavonols. Study participants who had a higher intake of total flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols were 36 to 39 percent less likely to have extensive AAC.

Black tea was the participants’ main source of total flavonoids and was also linked to significantly lower odds of extensive AAC. Compared with those who didn’t drink tea, participants who sipped 2 to 6 cups per day had a 16 to 42 percent less chance of having extensive AAC.

What if you’re not a “teatotaler”? You can still benefit if you consume high amounts of flavonoids from other sources. “Out of the women who don’t drink black tea, higher total non-tea flavonoid intake also appears to protect against extensive calcification of the arteries,” Dr. Parmenter said. “This implies flavonoids from sources other than black tea may be protective against AAC when tea is not consumed.”

The study, “Higher habitual dietary flavonoid intake associates with less extensive abdominal aortic calcification in a cohort of older women,” was published in the journal Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

Healthy Kitchen Nugget: The Value of Variety

Fitness Flash

The advantages of challenging yourself ​

According to a study done at the University of Cambridge in the UK, up to 78 percent of people who like to walk would take a more challenging route featuring obstacles, such as balancing beams, stepping stones, and high steps, if available. This suggests that “active landscape” routes in cities could help tackle what the researchers termed an inactivity pandemic that threatens good health.

As much as walking can be good exercise, when done on flat surfaces on city streets, it’s usually mild, not intense, exercise—it doesn’t significantly increase heart rate or improve balance or bone density, said the researchers, unless it includes jumping, balancing, and stepping down. This study looked at whether adults would opt for routes with those fun elements—think of it as urban hiking—if given the choice.

According to lead author Anna Boldina, “Even when the increase in level and extent of activity level is modest, when millions of people are using cityscapes every day, those differences can have a major positive impact on public health. Our findings show that pedestrians can be nudged into a wider range of physical activities through minor changes to the urban landscape. We want to help policy makers and designers make modifications that will improve physical health and well-being…The human body is a very complex machine that needs a lot of things to keep working effectively. Cycling and swimming are great for your heart and for your leg muscles but do very little for your bone density. To improve cardiovascular health, bone density, and balance all at once, we need to add a wider range of exercises into our routine daily walks.”

Here in the US, it’s not likely that active landscapes will be popping up in every community anytime soon, but these findings might spur you to look for more interesting routes when you’re walking or to make some time for hiking on weekends.

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The Olive Oil Hunter News #109

Posted on by The Olive Oil Hunter

Rich and Hearty Chili Recipe, Grinding Your Own Meat, How to Boost the Gut Microbiome and The Risks of Shortchanging Yourself on Sleep

Cold winter nights demand soul-satisfying dishes, and this chili recipe really delivers. Rich spices and slow cooking give it depth of flavor—there’s also a health advantage of all those spices. While the answer to winter’s chill isn’t to hibernate, it pays to take a look at how much quality sleep you’re getting. Turns out the risks of poor-quality sleep are much greater than you might realize.

Rich and Hearty Chili

  • Rich and Hearty Chili Rich and Hearty Chili

    A mix of rich spices takes run-of-the-mill chili to a whole new level. You’ll need a few hours for the flavors to develop, but not a lot of active effort. And the results are more than worth it! If you prefer to start with dried beans, soak a total of two cups of your favorite variety or varieties and add them to the pot when you add back the cooked beef. Made with beans, this chili is a good source of important fiber as well as other nutrients.

    Ingredients

    • 3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
    • 2 large onions, diced
    • 3 garlic cloves, minced
    • 16 ounces baby portobello or white button mushrooms, sliced thin
    • 2 pounds ground beef, chicken, or turkey
    • 1 6-ounce can tomato paste
    • 1 28-ounce can whole peeled tomatoes with liquid
    • 2 15-ounce cans great northern beans, rinsed and drained
    • 2 15-ounce cans kidney beans, rinsed and drained
    • 3 bay leaves
    • 2 cinnamon sticks
    • 1 teaspoon ground cumin
    • 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
    • 2 tablespoons ancho chili powder
    • ½ teaspoon each cayenne, allspice, and coarse salt
    • 1 tablespoon apple cider or sherry vinegar
    • Optional toppings for serving: diced raw onions, shredded cheddar cheese, sour cream, and crushed corn or tortilla chips as desired

    Directions

    Step 1

    Heat a large stockpot or Dutch oven. Add the oil and then the onions and garlic. Cook over medium heat until soft. Add the mushrooms and sauté until soft. Add the ground meat in batches and cook until browned. 

    Step 2

    Push everything to the sides of the pot and add the tomato paste. Cook it until it turns a deep, brownish red and then fold it into the vegetables and meat. Add the rest of the ingredients and stir to combine. 

    Step 3

    Bring to a simmer, cover, and cook for three hours, stirring every half hour. If the liquid is evaporating too quickly, place the lid ajar. Remove the bay leaves and serve with your choice of toppings. 

    Yields 8 hearty servings. 

Food Pairings: The Power of Purple Potatoes

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight

Grinding your own meat

Convenience rather than flavor is the reason to buy packaged ground meat at the market. Doing the grinding yourself allows you to choose your cut of beef (and fat content) or, in the case of chicken or turkey, your desired mix of light and dark meat. A home grinder, like the attachment made for the KitchenAid mixer, is great, but you can grind your own with the steel blade of a food processor using the pulsing function. The secret to a great grind is a chill-down for the meat and the grinder parts/processor blade. For meat in particular, this keeps more of the fat integrated and creates less fat smearing on the sides of the workbowl. 

Prep the meat by trimming as needed and then cutting it into 1-to-2-inch cubes. Place the cubes in a single layer on a sheet tray and pop it into the freezer along with your grinding blade for about 30 minutes—you want the meat cold and firm, but not frozen.

There’s no limit to how much meat you can run through a dedicated grinder. For the average size food processor, pulse about 8 ounces at a time; use a spatula to get out as much as possible before adding another batch. 

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight: Sweet spices for savory dishes

Healthy Kitchen Nugget

Taking chili vegetarian

If you’d like to skip the meat, this chili recipe can easily adapt. For the same number of servings, increase the veggies and the beans by 25 percent and opt for the portobello mushrooms, prepping them into a ½-inch dice instead of slices. If you’d like to increase the protein content beyond what the beans offer, crumble 8 to 16 ounces of firm tofu into the pot when you add the beans. 

Healthy Kitchen Nugget: The Truth About Nondairy Milks

For Your Best Health

Boosting the gut microbiome

The human gut microbiome is a collection of trillions of microorganisms that live inside the intestinal tract. The bacteria there can affect nearly all systems of the body, including metabolism and the building and maintaining of the immune system.

In two separate studies done at Penn State, nutritional scientists looking at the effects of small changes to the average American diet found improvements to the gut microbiome when participants added a daily ounce of peanuts or about a teaspoon of herbs and spices to their intake.

“Research has shown that people who have a lot of different microbes have better health, and a better diet, than those who don’t have much bacterial diversity,” said Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, Evan Pugh University Professor of Nutritional Sciences.

In the peanut study, published in the journal Clinical Nutrition, Dr. Kris-Etherton and colleagues compared the effects of snacking on 28 grams (about 1 ounce) of peanuts per day to those of a higher-carbohydrate snack of crackers and cheese. At the end of six weeks, participants who ate the peanut snack showed an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae, a genus of bacteria linked to healthy liver metabolism and immune function.

In the herbs and spices study, published in The Journal of Nutrition, scientists analyzed the impact of adding blends of herbs and spices, such as cinnamon, ginger, cumin, turmeric, rosemary, oregano, basil, and thyme, to the controlled diets of participants at risk for cardiovascular disease. The team examined three doses: about 1/8 teaspoon per day, a little more than 3/4 teaspoon per day, and about 1-1/2 teaspoons per day. At the end of four weeks, participants showed an increase in gut bacteria diversity, including in Ruminococcaceae, most notably with the medium and high doses of herbs and spices.

“It’s such a simple thing that people can do,” said Dr. Kris-Etherton. “The average American diet is far from ideal, so I think everyone could benefit by adding herbs and spices. It’s also a way of decreasing sodium in your diet but flavoring foods in a way that makes them palatable and, in fact, delicious! Taste is really a top criterion for why people choose the foods they do.”

However, she pointed out that more research is needed to understand all the implications of diet and the workings of the gut microbiome itself. “We need a lot more research on the microbiome to see what its proper place is in terms of overall health,” she said.

Healthy Kitchen Nugget: The Value of Variety

Fitness Flash

The risks of shortchanging yourself on sleep

According to a new study that involved 7,000 men and women between the ages of 50 and 70, getting less than five hours of sleep in mid-to-late life could be linked to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases. Researchers from the University College London in the UK examined the relationship between how long each participant slept each night and whether they had been diagnosed with two or more chronic diseases (called multimorbidity), such as heart disease, cancer, or diabetes, over the course of 25 years.

People who reported getting five hours of sleep or less at age 50 were 20 percent more likely to have been diagnosed with a chronic disease and 40 percent more likely to be diagnosed with two or more chronic diseases over 25 years, compared to people who slept for up to seven hours. The researchers also found that sleep duration of five hours or less at age 50 was associated with 25 percent increased risk of mortality over the 25 years of follow-up: Short sleep duration increased the risk of chronic disease(s) that, in turn, increased the risk of death.

“Multimorbidity is on the rise in high income countries and more than half of older adults now have at least two chronic diseases. This is proving to be a major challenge for public health, as multimorbidity is associated with high healthcare service use, hospitalizations, and disability,” said Dr. Severine Sabia, lead author of the study. “As people get older, their sleep habits and sleep structure change. However, it is recommended to sleep for 7 to 8 hours a night as sleep durations above or below this have previously been associated with individual chronic diseases. To ensure a better night’s sleep, it is important to promote good sleep hygiene, such as making sure the bedroom is quiet, dark, and at a comfortable temperature before sleeping. It’s also advised to remove electronic devices and avoid large meals before bedtime. Physical activity and exposure to light during the day might also promote good sleep.”

As part of the study, researchers also assessed whether sleeping for a long duration, of nine hours or more, affected health outcomes. There was no clear association between long sleep duration at age 50 and multimorbidity in healthy people. However, for participants already diagnosed with a chronic condition, long sleep duration was associated with around a 35 percent increased risk of developing another illness. Researchers believe this could be due to underlying health conditions impacting sleep.

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