Glorious Greens Salad Recipe, Spotlight on Summer Lettuce, Cleaning Greens, Olive Oil Helps Fight Diabetes, plus Exercise Needs and GLP-1s
“Mixed salad” takes on new meaning—and elevated taste—when you choose a bright selection of summer lettuces and add one of my favorite vinaigrettes. It’s perfect when you want a light dish on a warm day. As you’ll see from the first study I’m including, more than its delicious taste, extra virgin olive oil could help keep diabetes at bay. The second piece of research is a reminder of the importance of exercise to maintain muscle mass when on a GLP-1 medication.
Glorious Greens Salad
Glorious Greens SaladThe variety of lettuces is what makes this salad so special. It features a vinaigrette that combines the sweetness of balsamic with the tartness of red wine vinegar. Remember that true balsamic vinegar must come from Modena, Italy. Turn this salad into a meal by adding cold shrimp or grilled chicken.
Ingredients
For the vinaigrette:
- 2 tablespoons red wine vinegar
- 2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar from Modena
- 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
- 1 tablespoon honey
- 1/2 teaspoon coarse sea salt, plus more to taste
- 1/2 garlic clove, minced
- 1/2 cup extra virgin olive oil
- Freshly ground black pepper to taste
For the salad:
- 1 head green leaf lettuce
- 1 head red leaf lettuce
- 1 small head romaine
- 1 large Belgian endive
- 1 bunch watercress or arugula
- 1 small head radicchio
- 1/4 cup freshly grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese
- Freshly ground black pepper to taste
Directions
Step 1
In a medium mixing bowl, whisk together the two vinegars, mustard, honey, the 1/2 teaspoon salt, and garlic. Gradually whisk in the olive oil until the dressing is emulsified. Season to taste with black pepper and more salt; set aside.
Step 2
Trim the various lettuces and greens and discard any tough or marred outer leaves. Carefully wash and dry the remaining leaves (see Quick Kitchen Nugget in newsletter).
Step 3
Leave small lettuce leaves whole, but cut the romaine, endive, radicchio, and any large leaves into wide ribbons. Toss all together in a large bowl. To assemble each dish, mound a handful on each of 6 large plates, drizzle with vinaigrette, then top each with a second handful and more vinaigrette. Sprinkle with equal amounts of the grated cheese and some fresh pepper.
Yields 6 servings
Healthy Ingredient Spotlight
Summer Lettuce
Whether you’re growing lettuce in your garden or shopping farmers’ markets, certain lettuces stand out as summer varieties. They’re heat-tolerant, resist bolting or going to seed, and won’t turn bitter. They include numerous types of summercrisp, which are sweet yet crunchy; oakleaf, with red or green leaves; romaine, both small and large heads; and butterhead, such as tender Boston and Bibb.
Though the calories in lettuce varieties are negligible, these leafy greens have many vitamins and minerals, notably vitamin A and potassium. With the exception of iceberg, various lettuces offer moderate amounts of vitamin C, calcium, iron, and copper. Know that the darker the leaf color, the greater the nutrients. The spines and ribs are good sources of fiber, so keep them. While you can rinse leaves in advance and keep them wrapped in paper towels, cut them just prior to eating to avoid discoloration.
Quick Kitchen Nugget
Cleaning Greens
Rather than rinsing lettuce leaves under a stream of water, try the float method to clean your greens. Plunge them into a very large bowl filled with cool water (do this in batches if necessary). Use one hand to slosh them around, then leave for 5 minutes. Any dirt will settle to the bottom of the bowl. Take out the leaves in handfuls, shaking them and transferring to paper towels; blot dry.
For Your Best Health
Olive Oil Helps Fight Diabetes
Not all fats affect your body the same way. Researchers from the CIBER Area for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM) at the University of Barcelona in Spain took a close look at the contrasting effects of two major fatty acids found in the diet, palmitic acid and oleic acid. The goal was to learn how each might influence the risk of type 2 diabetes, a disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is linked to serious health complications and premature death.
They found that palmitic acid, a saturated fat common in many foods, may contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes by triggering inflammation, toxic fat buildup, and cellular stress. In contrast, oleic acid—the heart-healthy monounsaturated fat abundant in olive oil—appears to help protect insulin function and may even counter some of the harmful effects of palmitic acid. The study was published in Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.
“Palmitic acid is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity, whereas oleic acid, abundant in olive oil, may have a protective effect against these metabolic disorders,” said Professor Manuel Vázquez-Carrera, PhD, from the UB’s Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, the UB Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), the Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute (IRSJD) and CIBERDEM. “This review highlights the significant role of the quality of dietary fat, rather than the total amount consumed,” he noted.
The researchers examined evidence showing that palmitic acid can trigger several biological processes linked to metabolic disease. As Xavier Palomer, PhD, the article’s first author, said, “At the molecular level, palmitic acid promotes the accumulation of potentially toxic bioactive lipids, fosters low-grade chronic inflammation, and contributes to the dysfunction of cellular organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria.” The team explained that these cellular changes “are closely linked to impaired insulin action and the progression of metabolic disease.”
The picture looks quite different for oleic acid. According to the review, oleic acid encourages the body to store fats in forms that are metabolically less disruptive and have little effect on normal cellular function. It also helps maintain healthy insulin signaling in important metabolic tissues, including the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Researchers said oleic acid may also offset many of the harmful effects associated with palmitic acid. This could help explain why eating patterns rich in monounsaturated fats, including the Mediterranean diet, are consistently linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
The authors emphasized that more targeted research is needed to better understand differences seen across population studies. “It is important to consider variables such as the source of fatty acids, their dietary context, interactions with other nutrients, and different food processing methods,” said Dr. Vázquez-Carrera. Gaining a clearer understanding of these factors will improve scientists’ ability to evaluate how different fats affect metabolic health. In turn, that knowledge could support the development of more effective dietary approaches for preventing and managing type 2 diabetes.
Fitness Flash
Exercise Needs and GLP-1s
According to research presented at the Endocrine Society’s 2026 annual meeting, people taking these popular weight-loss drugs may be losing pounds, but they could also be moving less. Researchers analyzing Fitbit data found that daily step counts and exercise levels dropped after people started these medications, despite successful weight loss. Because the drugs can reduce muscle mass along with fat, the decline in physical activity raises concerns about preserving strength and long-term health.
The finding may come as a surprise because many people assume that shedding excess weight naturally makes it easier to move more. However, researchers found the opposite trend among people taking medications including semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy), tirzepatide (Mounjaro and Zepbound), liraglutide, and dulaglutide.
While these drugs can be highly effective for weight loss, they reduce more than just body fat. They can also contribute to a loss of lean muscle mass, making physical activity especially important for maintaining strength and overall health. Protecting muscle is a key part of healthy weight loss, explained study leader Sajana Maharjan, MD, of HSHS St. John’s Hospital in Springfield, Illinois.
To investigate how activity levels changed after starting treatment, researchers analyzed data from the National Institutes of Health’s All of Us Research Program, which combines electronic health records with Fitbit activity data. The study began with 1,950 adults with obesity who started a GLP-1 medication. Of those, 753 participants had enough wearable-device data to be included in the final analysis. Most were women (78.6%), and the average age was 52.7 years.
Researchers compared physical activity before and after participants began taking the medications. They focused on daily step counts and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The results showed a clear decline in movement after treatment began. Average daily step counts fell from 5,047 to 4,487 steps per day. Time spent in MVPA also dropped, decreasing from 28 minutes to 22 minutes per day. The largest decreases were seen in men and in people who reported joint or muscle pain. Factors such as age, heart failure, and a previous stroke did not alter the findings. Importantly, the researchers found no evidence that losing weight with these medications led people to become more physically active.
“The findings reinforce that exercise cannot be optional for people taking these medications. People need targeted interventions that encourage physical activity alongside medication for obesity,” Dr. Maharjan said.
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