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Mediterranean Diet

Olive Oil Hunter News #263

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Black-and-White Cookies Recipe, Spotlight on Vanilla Pods, Rotating Cookie Sheets, Coffee and Brain Health and A Surprising Way to Make Exercise Work Better

Vanilla or chocolate? You don’t have to decide when you indulge in a classic black-and-white cookie, the treat that’s more cake than biscuit with two luscious glazes. I’m also sharing two interesting food-related studies. According to the first, drinking coffee or tea could protect brain health. And according to the second, the keto diet could boost the effects of exercise for some people with high blood sugar.

Black-and-White Cookies

  • Black-and-white cookies Black-and-White Cookies

    Why choose between vanilla and chocolate when you can have both? The iconic black-and-white cookie settles the age-old debate once and for all — a pillowy, cake-like base topped with two luscious glazes that are as striking to look at as they are to eat.

    Ingredients

    For the cookies: 

    • 3/4 cup all-purpose flour 
    • 3/4 cup cake flour 
    • 1/4 cup golden or white whole wheat flour
    • 1/2 teaspoon baking powder  
    • 1/4 teaspoon baking soda 
    • 1/4 teaspoon salt 
    • 6 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened 
    • 1 cup granulated sugar 
    • 1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
    • 1 large egg 
    • 2 teaspoons vanilla extract 
    • 1/3 cup sour cream 

    For the glazes:

    • 3 cups confectioners’ sugar, sifted, more if needed
    • 7 tablespoons whole milk, divided use  
    • 2 tablespoons corn syrup 
    • 2 teaspoons vanilla extract 
    • 1/2 teaspoon salt 
    • 4 tablespoons Dutch-processed cocoa powder, sifted 
    • 2 ounces dark chocolate, melted

    Directions

    Step 1

    Place an oven rack in the center position and preheat your oven to 350°F. Line 2 rimmed sheet pans with parchment paper; set aside. Combine the flours, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a bowl; set aside.

    Step 2

    Using a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat butter and sugar on medium-high speed until pale and fluffy, about 2 minutes. Add the olive oil, egg, and vanilla and mix until well blended. Turn off the machine and use a spatula to scrape up the bottom of the bowl to make sure no clumps of butter remain. 

    Step 3

    On the lowest speed, add half the flour mixture, then the sour cream, then the rest of the flour. Again, use the spatula to incorporate any batter stuck on the bottom of the bowl. Turn back on the mixer if needed to fully incorporate the flour. The batter will be thick.

    Step 4

    Use a 2¼” (¼-cup) ice cream scoop to form and release each cookie onto the sheet pans, evenly spacing 6 per pan. For the most even results, bake one sheet pan at a time in the middle rack. Bake for 10 minutes, rotate the pan, and bake another 10 minutes, just until the cookie edges are barely browned. Cool for 10 minutes, then transfer to wire racks to cool completely.

    Step 5

    When the cookies are completely cooled, make the vanilla glaze. In a large bowl, whisk the sugar, 5 tablespoons milk, corn syrup, vanilla, and salt until smooth; it should be thick enough to drop from the whisk in a ribbon. If too thin, whisk in more confectioners’ sugar, 1 tablespoon at a time. 

    Step 6

    Working one cookie at a time, use a thin offset spatula to glaze one half of each cookie, using about half of the vanilla glaze (reserve the rest for the chocolate glaze). Let the glaze set for about 15 minutes. Rinse and dry the spatula. 

    Step 7

    In a small bowl, whisk the remaining 2 tablespoons of milk and a large spoonful of the vanilla glaze into the cocoa until smooth. Whisk in the melted chocolate, then scrape it into the bowl of reserved vanilla glaze. Whisk until smooth. Use the spatula to spread the chocolate glaze on the unglazed side of each cookie (don’t worry about being too exact with the dividing line). 

    Step 8

    Let the glaze set for 30 minutes before eating. Allow the cookies to dry completely, an hour or more, before storing them in a single layer in cookie tins.

    Yields 12 cookies

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight: Vanilla Pods

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight

Vanilla Pods

Vanilla pods and flower

One of the most tantalizing tastes in the world, vanilla comes from pods that grow on a specific orchid, Vanilla planifolia—the only orchid grown commercially for its fruit. Producing the coveted pods is labor-intensive. Following hand pollination, it takes nine months for the pods to ripen and another three months to cure. (The process to create vanilla extract and vanilla paste takes even more time.) 

Within each vanilla pod are thousands of seeds that add rich flavor and visual appeal to baked goods, custards, and ice cream. To get at the seeds, use the tip of a sharp paring knife to score the length of the pod, then one side of the blade to scrape them out. Add the leftover pod to a jar of sugar to make your own vanilla sugar for other recipes.

Quick Kitchen Nugget: Rotating Cookie Sheets

Quick Kitchen Nugget

Rotating Cookie Sheets

When baking cookies, rotating the sheet pan or cookie sheets halfway through the bake time is better for even rising and browning. This is true even when baking one sheet at a time. If a recipe suggests baking two sheets at one time, you want to not only rotate each one, but also switch their positions in the oven.  

For Your Best Health: Coffee and Brain Health

For Your Best Health 

Coffee and Brain Health

Coffee for health

Couples who intentionally pause to appreciate the enjoyable experiences they share tend to be more satisfied in their relationships, argue less, and feel more confident that their partnership will endure, according to researchers at the University oYour morning coffee or tea could be quietly supporting your brain health. A large prospective cohort study conducted by researchers from Mass General Brigham, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard examined data from 131,821 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). It found that moderate consumption of caffeinated coffee or tea was linked to an 18% lower risk of dementia, slower cognitive decline, and better preservation of cognitive abilities. The benefits appeared strongest at 2 to 3 cups of coffee or 1 to 2 cups of tea daily—and even held true for people genetically predisposed to dementia. The study was published in JAMA.

“When searching for possible dementia prevention tools, we thought something as prevalent as coffee may be a promising dietary intervention—and our unique access to high quality data through studies that have been going on for more than 40 years allowed us to follow through on that idea,” said senior author Daniel Wang, MD, ScD, associate scientist with the Channing Division of Network Medicine in the Mass General Brigham Department of Medicine, and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School and in the Department of Nutrition at Harvard Chan School. “While our results are encouraging, it’s important to remember that the effect size is small and there are lots of important ways to protect cognitive function as we age. Our study suggests that caffeinated coffee or tea consumption can be one piece of that puzzle.”

Preventing dementia early is especially important because current treatments are limited and generally provide only modest benefits after symptoms begin. As a result, scientists are increasingly focusing on lifestyle factors, including diet, that may influence the development of cognitive decline.

Coffee and tea contain compounds such as polyphenols and caffeine, which are thought to support brain health. These substances may help reduce inflammation and limit cellular damage, both of which are linked to cognitive decline. Previous research on coffee and dementia has produced mixed results, often due to shorter study periods or limited data on long-term consumption patterns and different types of beverages.

“We also compared people with different genetic predispositions to developing dementia and saw the same results, meaning coffee or caffeine is likely equally beneficial for people with high and low genetic risk of developing dementia,” said lead author Yu Zhang, MBBS, MS, a PhD student at Harvard Chan School and a research trainee at Mass General Brigham.f Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Soaking in their happy moments together—whether reminiscing about a favorite memory, enjoying a dinner together, or looking forward to something exciting—may be building a powerful shield for their relationship. 

Fitness Flash Icon: A Surprising Way to Make Exercise Work Better

Fitness Flash

A Surprising Way to Make Exercise Work Better

Advice about staying healthy often centers on regular exercise and limiting fatty foods. Physical activity helps people shed excess weight, build muscle, and strengthen the heart. It also improves the body’s ability to absorb and use oxygen to produce energy, which is considered one of the most reliable indicators of long-term health and longevity.

However, people with high blood sugar frequently miss out on some of these benefits from exercise, particularly improvements in how efficiently their bodies use oxygen. Elevated blood sugar raises the risk of heart and kidney disease. It can also interfere with the ability of muscles to increase oxygen uptake during physical activity. For people facing this challenge, new research suggests an unexpected possibility. Instead of reducing fat intake, increasing it might help.

A study led by Sarah Lessard, PhD, associate professor at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC Center for Exercise Medicine Research and exercise medicine researcher, and published in Nature Communications examined how diet affects exercise response. The team found that mice fed a high-fat ketogenic diet experienced a drop in high blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia. Their bodies also became more responsive to exercise.

“After one week on the ketogenic diet, their blood sugar was completely normal, as though they didn’t have diabetes at all,” said Dr. Lessard. “Over time, the diet caused remodeling of the mice’s muscles, making them more oxidative and making them react better to aerobic exercise.”

The ketogenic diet gets its name from ketosis, a metabolic state in which the body switches from using sugar as its main fuel to burning fat. Because the diet relies on high-fat foods and severely limits carbohydrates, it contrasts with the low-fat diets traditionally recommended by many health experts.

The keto diet has been associated with health benefits for certain conditions, including epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease. Historically, it was also used to manage diabetes. Before insulin was discovered in the 1920s, doctors sometimes relied on this approach to help lower blood sugar.

Dr. Lessard’s earlier studies showed that people with elevated blood sugar often have reduced exercise capacity. This led her to explore whether a ketogenic diet could help restore the body’s ability to adapt to exercise. In the study, mice ate a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and ran regularly on exercise wheels. Over time, their muscles developed more slow-twitch fibers, which are linked to greater endurance. “Their bodies were more efficiently using oxygen, which is a sign of higher aerobic capacity,” Dr. Lessard said.

According to Dr. Lessard, exercise benefits nearly every tissue in the body, including fat tissue. But growing evidence suggests that the greatest improvements in health occur when diet and exercise are combined rather than treated as separate strategies.

“What we’re really finding from this study and from our other studies is that diet and exercise aren’t simply working in isolation,” said Dr. Lessard. “There are a lot of combined effects, and so we can get the most benefits from exercise if we eat a healthy diet at the same time.”

She plans to expand the research to human participants to determine whether people experience the same improvements seen in mice. She also points out that following a ketogenic diet can be difficult. For many people, a less restrictive eating plan such as the Mediterranean diet may be easier to maintain while still supporting healthy blood sugar levels. This approach includes carbohydrates from whole foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains instead of eliminating carbohydrates entirely. “Our previous studies have shown that any strategy you and your doctor have arrived at to reduce your blood sugar could work,” she said.

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The Mediterranean Diet shows significant benefit in chronic skin diseases

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Psoriasis, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are chronic inflammatory skin conditions characterized by systemic inflammation and periodic flare-ups. The Mediterranean Diet (MeDi), which emphasizes vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, fish, and EVOO, has proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Here, we present recent evidence1 supporting that the MeDi, as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, may reduce the severity and flare-ups of these chronic skin conditions.

Psoriasis typically presents as itchy, red skin plaques, sometimes painful, with silvery borders. About 40% of people with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis, which can lead to irreversible joint damage.

Several studies show that closely following the MeDi is linked to lower psoriasis severity. (MeDi adherence was measured by scores on the 14-item PREDIMED food questionnaire.) People with the least adherence to the MeDi had the most severe psoriasis.

Notably, higher intake of EVOO and more consumption of fish (a main source of omega-3 fatty acids) were independently linked to less severe psoriasis and lower levels of CRP (C-reactive protein), a measure of inflammation. These findings suggest that both the MeDi as a whole, and the individual components of EVOO and fish, exert anti-inflammatory and protective effects in psoriasis via bioactive compounds, in particular MUFAs and vitamin D.

Acne has multiple contributing factors (genetic, environmental, bacterial) and, although it often emerges during adolescence, persists into the 20s and 30s in many people.

In a case-controlled study, participants with acne had significantly lower PREDIMED scores than did controls. Those with less severe acne were significantly more likely to consume EVOO, fish, and fruit; more severe acne was linked to lower adherence to the MeDi. (Another case-controlled study showed no significant association between the MeDi and acne severity.)

A separate study found that participants with higher MeDi adherence had lower systemic levels of IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1), a protein that plays a key role in the development of acne.

HS is marked by painful lesions (boils) that often form in body areas with skin folds, such as the armpits, chest, and groin; these lesions can lead to scarring. Of all chronic skin conditions, HS has the most debilitating impact on quality of life.2

Three studies have confirmed a link between close adherence to the MeDi and lower HS disease severity. A large cross-sectional study found that consuming EVOO and choosing poultry over red meat were the main factors linking the MeDi to less severe HS in participants. Evidence indicates that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components of the MeDi—in particular, MUFAs, omega-3s, and polyphenols—can help reduce the severity of HS.

Key takeaway: The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant benefits of the MeDi distinguish it as a valid medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for the management of chronic inflammatory skin conditions, as
a holistic complement to pharmacological treatments.

References: 1. Annunziata G et al. Curr Nutr Reports. 2025;14(1):42. 2. Balieva F et al. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(5):1170-1178.

Olive Oil Hunter News #223

Posted on by The Olive Oil Hunter

Summer Lentil Salad Recipe, Spotlight on Lentils, The Mediterranean Diet for IBS and Outrunning Alzheimer’s

Lentils are the unsung heroes of the legume family—high in protein and fiber along with other nutrients and fast to cook. They’re the perfect replacement for rice in summer salads and side dishes. They also fit right into the Mediterranean diet, a way of eating that could be a welcome change from the FODMAP diet for people living with IBS, according to a new study. I’m also sharing research that takes a deeper dive into exercise as a weapon in the war against Alzheimer’s.

Summer Lentil Salad

  • Summer lentil salad Summer Lentil Salad

    This protein-packed legume makes a satisfying meatless meal on its own as well as a zesty side dish for grilled tuna or salmon. 

    Ingredients

    For the lentils:

    • 1 cup dried French (du Puy) lentils
    • 3 cups homemade or low-sodium canned chicken stock, more broth or water as needed
    • 2 stalks celery, diced
    • 2 large carrots, diced
    • 1 bay leaf
    • 1 teaspoon coarse sea salt
    • 1 small red onion, diced
    • 1 large bell pepper, diced
    • 2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley
    • Salt as desired

    For the dressing:

    • 1 tablespoon red wine vinegar, more to taste
    • 1 small shallot, minced
    • 1/8 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
    • 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
    • 1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil

    Directions

    Step 1

    Place the lentils in a sieve and rinse under cold running water, picking through to remove any pebbles. Bring the stock to a boil in a large pot, then add the lentils, celery, carrots, bay leaf, and salt. Turn down the heat to maintain a simmer, cover the pot, and cook until the lentils are tender but still toothsome (think al dente), about 25 minutes. Check 5 minutes in advance to make sure there’s still some liquid so that the lentils won’t scorch. If the lentils aren’t tender once the broth evaporates, add 1/2 cup more liquid and continue cooking 5-10 more minutes.

    Step 2

    While the lentils are cooking, make the dressing. In a medium bowl, mix the vinegar, shallot, black pepper, and Dijon. Slowly whisk in the olive oil. Taste and add more vinegar if desired.

    Step 3

    When the lentils are ready, strain off any remaining liquid and transfer to a large bowl; discard the bay leaf. Fold in the red onion, bell pepper, and parsley. Pour on the dressing and toss to coat. Taste and add salt as desired. Serve at room temperature or chilled.

    Yields 8 servings

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight: Lentils

Healthy Ingredient Spotlight

Let’s Hear It for Lentils

High in fiber, vitamin C, and other antioxidants, strawberries also deliver potassium, folate, and magnesium. But they also have a tendency to get moldy when moisture gets trapped between the berries, especially in typical clamshell plastic containers. A simple storage trick is to unpack them as soon as you get home and transfer them, unwashed, to a paper towel-lined glass container—line them up upside down, leaving a bit of room between them, and store in the fridge, uncovered, suggest the experts at the Utah State University Extension. Wash them just before hulling (a curved grapefruit knife works great) and blot dry with fresh paper towels.

dried lentils
Quick Kitchen Nugget: Making Lentils in Advance

Quick Kitchen Nugget

Making Lentils in Advance

With 22 grams of protein in every cup of cooked French lentils, these nutrient-dense nuggets are great to have in the fridge, ready to sprinkle on green salads, add to other side dishes, or have as a satisfying snack drizzled with olive oil. Once you’ve cooked up a batch, drain them and let them come to room temperature. Transfer to a glass container and pop into the fridge. They’ll stay fresh for up to one week.

For Your Best Health: The Mediterranean Diet for IBS 

For Your Best Health

The Mediterranean Diet for IBS 

IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome, affects an estimated 4 to 11 percent of all people, and most prefer dietary interventions to medication. Many try following the low-FODMAP diet, according to researchers at Michigan Medicine. It improves symptoms in more than half of patients, but it’s restrictive—it cuts out so many foods that people find it hard to follow. Previous investigations from these researchers, who were looking for more acceptable versions, led to their “FODMAP simple” diet, which only restricts the food groups in the FODMAP diet that are most likely to cause symptoms. Still, because any type of restrictive diets can be difficult to adopt, Michigan Medicine gastroenterologist Prashant Singh, MBBS, and his colleagues decided to look at a completely different alternative, the Mediterranean diet. 

Many physicians are already behind the Mediterranean diet because of its benefits to cardiovascular, cognitive, and general health. With so many advantages, they wanted to see whether it could also bring IBS symptom relief. “In addition to the issue of being costly and time-consuming, there are concerns about nutrient deficiencies and disordered eating when trying a low-FODMAP diet. The Mediterranean diet interested us as an alternative that is not an elimination diet and overcomes several of these limitations related to a low-FODMAP diet,” said Dr. Singh.

The Mediterranean Diet for IBS 

For the pilot study, 20 participants, all of whom were diagnosed with either IBS-D (diarrhea) or IBS-M (mixed symptoms of constipation and diarrhea), were randomized into two groups. For four weeks, one group followed the Mediterranean diet and the other followed the restriction phase of a low-FODMAP diet.

The primary endpoint was an FDA-standard 30 percent reduction in abdominal pain intensity after four weeks. In the Mediterranean diet group, 73 percent of the patients met the primary endpoint for symptom improvement versus 81.8 percent in the low-FODMAP group. Though the low-FODMAP group experienced a greater improvement measured by both abdominal pain intensity and the IBS symptom severity score, the Mediterranean diet did provide symptom relief with fewer food restrictions.

“This study adds to a growing body of evidence that suggests that a Mediterranean diet might be a useful addition to the menu of evidence-based dietary interventions for patients with IBS,” said William Chey, MD, chief of gastroenterology at the University of Michigan, president-elect of the American College of Gastroenterology, and senior author of the research paper.

Researchers found the results of this pilot study encouraging enough to warrant future and larger controlled trials to investigate the potential of the Mediterranean diet as an effective intervention for patients with IBS. They believe studies comparing the long-term efficacy of the Mediterranean diet with long-term outcomes following the reintroduction and personalization phases of the low-FODMAP diet are needed.

Fitness Flash: Outrunning Alzheimer’s?

Fitness Flash

Outrunning Alzheimer’s?

A Mass General Brigham study, published in Nature Neuroscience, has revealed how exercise rewires the brain at the cellular level. “While we’ve long known that exercise helps protect the brain, we didn’t fully understand which cells were responsible or how it worked at a molecular level,” said senior author Christiane D. Wrann, DVM, PhD, a neuroscientist and leader of the Program in Neuroprotection in Exercise at the Mass General Brigham Heart and Vascular Institute and the McCance Center for Brain Health at Massachusetts General Hospital. “Now, we have a detailed map of how exercise impacts each major cell type in the memory center of the brain in Alzheimer’s disease.”

The research team from Mass General Brigham and collaborators at SUNY Upstate Medical University leveraged advanced single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), a relatively new technology that allows researchers to look at activity at the molecular level in single cells for an in-depth understanding of diseases like Alzheimer’s, along with a widely used preclinical model for Alzheimer’s disease. Focusing on a part of the hippocampus, a critical region for memory and learning damaged early in Alzheimer’s, they identified specific brain cell types that responded most to exercise. 

They exercised a common mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease using running wheels, which improved the mice’s memory compared to their sedentary counterparts. They then analyzed gene activity across thousands of individual brain cells, finding that exercise changed activity both in microglia, a disease-associated population of brain cells, and in a specific type of neurovascular-associated astrocyte (NVA), newly discovered by the team, which are cells associated with blood vessels in the brain. Furthermore, the scientists identified the metabolic gene Atpif1 as an important regulator to create new neurons in the brain. “That we were able to modulate newborn neurons using our new target genes set underscores the promise our study,” said lead author Joana Da Rocha, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow working in Dr. Wrann’s lab.

To ensure the findings were relevant to humans, the team validated their discoveries in a large dataset of human Alzheimer’s brain tissue, finding striking similarities. “This work not only sheds light on how exercise benefits the brain but also uncovers potential cell-specific targets for future Alzheimer’s therapies,” said Nathan Tucker, a biostatistician at SUNY Upstate Medical University and co-senior author of the study. “Our study offers a valuable resource for the scientific community investigating Alzheimer’s prevention and treatment.”

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Mediterranean Diet is Linked to Significant Reduction in Breast Cancer Risk

Posted on by The Olive Oil Hunter

Greatest effects among postmenopausal women

Closely following the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi), which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, limited lean protein, and healthy fats such as olive oil and nuts, has been linked to a reduced risk of chronic diseases, including several forms of cancer. Numerous studies have shown associations between lower breast cancer risk in women and MeDi adherence. To clarify whether the the MeDi exerts a significant effect on breast cancer risk, researchers conducted a systematic review and meta- analysis that compiled and analyzed the existing evidence across a large international group of studies.

Methods: After a comprehensive literature search, 31 high-quality observational studies were selected for the final analysis (12 cohort studies and 19 case-control studies). Studies were published between 2006 and 2023 and conducted in the Americas, Europe, and Asia, with the majority in the United States and Spain. A total of 1,347,446 women were evaluated, grouped as overall, postmenopausal, and premenopausal. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 104 years. Follow-up duration varied between 8 and 33 years in cohort studies.

  • A cohort study is an observational study with an active group and control group, allowing researchers to calculate the occurrence of a disease in a population over time.
  • A case-control study identifies individuals with a specific disease or condition and assigns “matched controls”—people with the same demographic characteristics who are not part of the study—which enables researchers to evaluate the differences between these groups.

Results: The overall pooled analysis found a clinically significant 13% reduction in breast cancer risk in participants who adhered to the MeDi. The effect was greater in postmenopausal women across all studies and in participants of studies conducted in Asia. A subgroup analysis showed that moderate alcohol use (red wine) did not affect breast cancer risk in the overall group, but an additional reduction in breast cancer risk was seen in postmenopausal women.

Discussion: These results indicate that adherence to the MeDi may help prevent breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. It has been suggested that the polyphenols in olive oil and moderate amounts of red wine may contribute to the cancer-protective effects of the MeDi. In addition, phytoestrogens from vegetables and fruits may interact with the body’s estrogen production, thus helping to prevent certain types of breast cancer from developing. The sites of hormone production during the postmenopausal period (fat tissue rather than ovaries) may also account for the increased effect of the MeDi in preventing breast cancer in that population.

Conclusion: Adherence to the MeDi significantly reduced women’s breast cancer risk in a large meta-analysis of international observational studies involving more than a million participants. Future research will help identify the specific anti-cancer mechanisms of the MeDi and illuminate its varying effects across life stages and geographic regions.

Reference: Karimi M, Asbaghi O, Hooshmand F, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. Health Sci Rep. 2025;8(4):e70736.